नुकत्याच जाहीर झालेल्या अर्थसंकल्पात ई-पासपोर्ट या नव्या योजनेचा समावेश करण्यात आला आहे. आंतरराष्ट्रीय नियमांच्या अधीन राहून या पासपोर्टची निर्मिती केली जाणार आहे. आता हा ई पासपोर्ट म्हणजे नेमकं काय?? याच स्वरूप कसं असेल आणि साध्या पासपोर्ट मध्ये आणि याच्यात काय फरक असणार आहे? या प्रश्नांची उत्तरं देणारा हा लेख.
ई- पासपोर्ट म्हणजे काय?
नेहमीच्या पासपोर्टचे हे डिजिटल(digital) स्वरूप असणार आहे. या ई पासपोर्ट मध्ये एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक(electronic) चिप लावलेली असेल. यामध्ये बायोमेट्रिक डेटा असेल आणि यातील ६४ केबीच्या स्टोरेजमध्ये पासपोर्ट धारकाचा सर्व तपशील समाविष्ट असेल. पासपोर्ट हा चार प्रकारचा असतो.
१.साधारण पासपोर्ट :-हा निळा रंगाचा पासपोर्ट असतो. हा प्रवासी पासपोर्ट असतो.
२.सेवा पासपोर्ट:- सरकारी कर्मचाऱ्यांना सरकारी कामासाठी परदेशात जायचे असल्यास त्यांना या पासपोर्ट चा उपयोग करता येतो.
३.राजनैतिक पासपोर्ट:-हा पासपोर्ट दुतवासातील कर्मचारी किंवा राजनैतिक अधिकाऱ्यांना दिला जातो.
४. फॅमिली पासपोर्ट :-यात सर्व कुटुंबातील सदस्यांचा समावेश असतो.
पासपोर्ट ही संकल्पना जगात सर्वप्रथम कोणी अंमलात आणली??
जगात सर्वप्रथम मलेशियाने ही ई पासपोर्ट ची संकल्पना अमलात आणली. १९९८ मध्ये मलेशियात ई- पासपोर्ट(e passport) वितरण प्रणाली सुरू झाली.आता अमेरिका, ब्रिटन, जपान आणि जर्मनी यांसह १०० हून अधिक देशात ई-पासपोर्ट चा वापर केला जातो.
याआधी भारतात कधी ई-पासपोर्ट जाहीर झाला होता का??
२००८ मध्ये परराष्ट्र मंत्रालयाच्या पुढाकाराने राष्ट्रीय माहिती विज्ञान केंद्रानं ई-पासपोर्ट जारी करण्यासाठी एक पायलट प्रोजेक्ट राबवला होता. या प्रकल्पांतर्गत राजदूत आणि अधिकाऱ्यांसाठी सुमारे २० हजार ई- पासपोर्ट जारी केले होते. जेव्हा सामान्य पासपोर्ट सह एखाद्या देशात प्रवास केला जातो तेव्हा सर्वात आधी संबंधित देशाचा व्हिसा घ्यावा लागतो .पासपोर्टवर व्हिसाचा शिक्का मारला जातो. प्रवासापूर्वी विमानतळावर इमिग्रेशन विभागाचे अधिकारी पासपोर्ट आणि व्हिसाची(visa) तपासणी करतात. इमिग्रेशनसाठी अनेकदा लांब रांगा लागलेल्या असतात .अनेक तास लोकांना त्यासाठी वाट पाहावी लागते त्यानंतर त्यांना प्रवासाची परवानगी मिळते.ई-पासपोर्ट मध्ये इमिग्रेशन पास करण्यासाठी अधिकारी व्यक्तीचा पासपोर्ट आणि व्हिसा तपासात नाहीत. ऍटोमॅटिक मशीनद्वारे(automatic machine) त्याची तपासणी होते. जसं मेट्रोमध्ये(metro) टोकण लावल की दार उघडलं जातं त्याच प्रकारे पासपोर्ट स्कॅन(scan) केल्यास गेट उघडतं.
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