कोण होते बाळशास्त्री जांभेकर ?
बाळशास्त्री जांभेकर कोण होते?
बाळशास्त्री जांभेकर मराठी भाषेतील पहिले पत्रकार होते. त्यांचा जन्म ६ जानेवारी १८१२ रोजी झाला. मराठीतील ‘दर्पण’ हे पहिले वृत्तपत्र त्यांनी सुरू केले.
जांभेकरांनी बालपणी वडिलांकडे घरीच मराठी व संस्कृत भाषेचा अभ्यास केला. इ.स. १८२५ साली ते मुंबईत आले. मुंबईत येऊन ते सदाशिव काशीनाथ ऊर्फ ‘बापू छत्रे’ आणि बापूशास्त्री शुक्ल यांच्याकडे ते इंग्रजी व संस्कृत शिकू लागले. या दोन विषयांबरोबरच गणित आणि शास्त्र या विषयांत त्यांनी प्रावीण्य मिळविले.
‘बॉंबे नेटिव्ह एज्युकेशन सोसायटी’च्या विद्यालयात अभ्यास करून त्यांनी प्राध्यापक म्हणून नियुक्ती मिळवण्याइतपत ज्ञान कमवले. इ.स. १८३४ साली एल्फिन्स्टन कॉलेजात पहिले एतद्देशीय व्याख्याते म्हणून जांभेकरांची नियुक्ती करण्यात आली.
बाळशास्त्रींना मराठी, संस्कृत, बंगाली, गुजराती, कानडी, तेलुगू, फारसी, फ्रेंच, लॅटिन व ग्रीक या दहा भाषांचे ज्ञान होते.
जांभेकरांनी प्राचीन लिप्यांचा अभ्यास करून कोकणातील शिलालेख व ताम्रपट यांच्यावर शोधनिबंध लिहिले. मुद्रित स्वरूपातील ज्ञानेश्वरी त्यांनीच प्रथम वाचकांच्या हाती दिली. इ.स. १८४६ मध्ये त्यांचा मृत्यू झाला.
६ जानेवारी पत्रकार दिन म्हणून का साजरा केला जातो??
६ जानेवारी १८३२ रोजी मराठी भाषेतील पहिले वृत्तपत्र सुरू करण्यात आले. हे वृत्तपत्र बाळशास्त्री जांभेकर यांनी सुरू केले होते. म्हणून ‘६ जानेवारी’ हा त्यांचा जन्मदिवस ‘पत्रकार दिन म्हणून साजरा केला जातो.
दर्पणची सुरुवात –
सर्वसामान्य लोकांचे प्रश्न सरकारपर्यंत पोहोचवण्यासाठी एका मराठी माध्यमाची गरज होती. हे माध्यम दर्पणचा या वृत्तपत्राच्या स्वरूपात सर्वसामान्यांपर्यंत पोहोचले. परंतु वृत्तपत्राची संकल्पना त्या काळी लोकांमध्ये म्हणावी इतकी रुजलेली नव्हती. यामुळे दर्पणला म्हणावा इतका प्रतिसाद सुरुवातीस मिळाला नाही. वृत्तपत्र चालवण्यासाठी वर्गणीदार मिळत नव्हते, वाचक वर्गही मोठ्या प्रमाणावर नव्हता. मात्र समाजाचा आरसा म्हणून ज्या वृत्तपत्राची सुरुवात करण्यात आली ते वृत्तपत्राचे काम स्वतःच्या खिशातील पैसे खर्च करून बाळशास्त्री जांभेकरांनी चालू ठेवले.
दर्पण चे स्वरूप कसे होते??
सर्वसामान्यांपर्यंत पोहोचण्यासाठी हे वृत्तपत्र आवर्जून मराठी भाषेत सुरू करण्यात आले होते. समता आणि व्यक्तिस्वातंत्र्य ही तत्वे समाजात रुजावीत या हेतूने हे वृत्तपत्र सुरू करण्यात आले. बाळशास्त्री जांभेकरांनी सुरुवातीला लोकांच्या प्रबोधनासाठी व मनोरंजनासाठी हे वृत्तपत्र काढण्यात आले असल्याचे सांगितले होते.
भारतातील लोकांना देशाची परिस्थिती समजावी आणि परदेशी राज्यव्यवहाराचे ज्ञान मिळावे यासाठी या वृत्तपत्राची स्थापना करण्यात आली होती. जुलै १८४० मध्ये दर्पणचा शेवटचा अंक प्रसारित करण्यात आला. इंग्रजी सत्ताधाऱ्यांना सर्वसामान्य मराठी लोकांचे प्रश्न कळावेत यासाठी वृत्तपत्रात एक स्तंभ इंग्रजीत लिहिला जात असे.
निशा हिंगे
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